https://doi.org/10.3390/nano11071685

Matthias Hufnagel ¹, Nadine May ², Johanna Wall ¹, Nadja Wingert ³, Manuel Garcia-Käufer ³, Ali Arif ³, Christof Hübner ⁴, Markus Berger ⁵, Sonja Mülhopt ², Werner Baumann ², Frederik Weis ⁶, Tobias Krebs ⁵, Wolfgang Becker ⁴, Richard Gminski ³, Dieter Stapf ², and Andrea Hartwig ¹,

¹ Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Institute of Applied Biosciences, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany;
² Institute for Technical Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany; 
³ Institute for Infection Prevention and Hospital Epidemiology, Medical Center—University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79110 Freiburg, Germany;
⁴ Fraunhofer Institute of Chemical Technology, 76327 Pfinztal, Germany; 
⁵ Vitrocell® Systems GmbH, 79183 Waldkirch, Germany; 
⁶ Palas GmbH, 76229 Karlsruhe, Germany; 

This study was the first to investigate the toxicological effects of well characterized aerosols released during combustion of thermoplastic nanocomposites using an air–liquid interface exposure system. Even though studies on the toxicological potential of combustion-generated particulate matter as well as VOCs have been published, none of them was designed to investigate the effect of the native aerosol using appropriate realistic lung cell culture models. In the current study we investigated the combustion behavior of PE-based nanocomposites on a lab-scale burner. As nanoscaled fillers TiO2 NP, CuO NP, as well as CNT were chosen for this study, with TiO2 NP representing a commonly used insoluble and inert nanomaterial, CuO NP as a known in vitro cyto- as well as genotoxic nanomaterial, and CNT as a fiber-shaped nanomaterial.

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https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jes.2021.06.001

Ana Teresa Juarez-Facio ¹, Clément Castilla ², Cécile Corbière ¹, Hélène Lavanant ², Carlos Afonso ², Christophe Morin ², Nadine Merlet-Machour ², Laurence Chevalier ³, Jean-Marie Vaugeois ¹, Jérôme Yon ⁴, Christelle Monteil ¹,
¹Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, UNICAEN ABTE, 76000 Rouen, France
²Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, INSA Rouen, CNRS, COBRA, 76000 Rouen, France
³Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, INSA Rouen, CNRS, GPM-UMR6634, 76000 Rouen, France
⁴Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, INSA Rouen, CNRS, CORIA, 76000 Rouen, France

The present study illustrate a methodological approach which allows comparing, in an original and innovative way, the physical, chemical, and toxicological properties of different fine and ultrafine particles. In this study, two different operating conditions were used to obtain model particles containing either high (CAST3) or low (CAST1) organic contents, and exposed differentiated NHBE cells “on-line” at the air-liquid interface to be closer to realistic conditions.

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https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tiv.2021.105095

Espen Mariussen ^a,b, Lise Fjellsbø ^a,c, Tomas Roll Frømyr ^b, Ida Vaa Johnsen ^b, Tove Engen Karsrud ^b, Øyvind Albert Voie ^b
a Norwegian Institute for Air Research (NILU), PO Box 100, NO-2027 Kjeller, Norway
^b Norwegian Defence Research Establishment (FFI), PO Box 25, NO-2027 Kjeller, Norway
^c Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), PO Box 5003, NO-1432 Ås, Norway

Highlights
•Gunshot fumes are cytotoxic and induce DNA-damage in lung cells exposed at the air liquid interface.
•Shooting from small arms generate fumes with substantial amounts of nanosized materials.
•Toxicity of the gunshot fumes differed between different types of ammunition.

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DOI: 10.1002/jat.4113 

Clémence Méausoone¹, Yann Landkocz¹, Fabrice Cazier², Marianne Seigneur¹, Dominique Courcot¹, Sylvain Billet^1
1 Unité de Chimie Environnementale et Interactions sur le Vivant, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale, Dunkirk, France
² Centre Commun de Mesures, Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale, Dunkirk, France
 

BEAS-2B cells were exposed to benzene, toluene, m-xylene, or mesitylene gaseous stream diluted in air using an Vitrocell ALI system composed of three 6/3 CF stainless modules.
This study shows the feasibility of observing mechanisms of toxic action during repeated exposure at ALI to doses close to human exposure.

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DOI: 10.1002/jat.4113

Clémence Méausoone¹, Yann Landkocz¹, Fabrice Cazier², Marianne Seigneur¹ Dominique Courcot¹, Sylvain Billet^1
1Unité de Chimie Environnementale et Interactions sur le Vivant, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale, Dunkirk, France
²Centre Commun de Mesures, Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale, Dunkirk, France

Benzene and toluene are solvents largely used in industries and emitted into the atmosphere, despite major and direct impacts on human health. This study shows the feasibility of observing mechanisms of toxic action during repeated exposure at ALI to doses close to human exposure. The second strength of this study was the measure of XME induction level with the initiation of several xenobiotic metabolism pathways over time. BEAS-2B cells were exposed to benzene, toluene, m-xylene, or mesitylene gaseous stream diluted in air using the Vitrocell ALI system.

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