https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24031927

Alexandra Friesen ¹, Susanne Fritsch-Decker ², Sonja Mülhopt ³ , Caroline Quarz ¹, Jonathan Mahl ³, Werner Baumann ³, Manuela Hauser ³, Manuela Wexler ³, Christoph Schlager ⁴, Bastian Gutmann ⁴, Tobias Krebs ⁴, Ann-Kathrin Goßmann ⁵ , Frederik Weis ⁵ , Matthias Hufnagel ¹, Dieter Stapf ³ , Andrea Hartwig ¹, and Carsten Weiss ²,
¹ Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Applied Biosciences, Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
² Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems, Biological Information Processing, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
³ Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Technical Chemistry, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
⁴ Vitrocell Systems GmbH, 79183 Waldkirch, Germany
⁵ Palas GmbH, 76229 Karlsruhe, Germany

In this study, we assessed the toxicological responses to mechanically (mCF) and thermo-mechanically treated PAN-based carbon fibers (tmCF), applied to BEAS-2B mono-, BEAS-2B/dTHP-1 co-, and BEAS-2B/dTHP-1/CCD-33Lu triple-cultures at an air–liquid interface. The results emphasize the need to further characterize the hazard of CF and the importance of determining exposure levels at workplaces as well as safety measures during the use of CF-containing materials. Moreover, the development and application of more complex in vitro models of the human lung help to establish new approach methodologies in the general field of particle and fiber toxicology and contribute to a reduction in in vivo investigations in the context of the 3R initiative.

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https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tiv.2021.105258

A. T. Juarez Facio¹, J. Yon², C. Corbière¹, T. Rogez-Florent¹, C. Castilla³, H. Lavanant³, M. Mignot³, C. Devouge-Boyer³, C. Logie¹, L. Chevalier ⁴, J.-M. Vaugeois¹, C. Monteil ^1
1 Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, UNICAEN ABTE, 76000 Rouen, France
² Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, INSA Rouen, CNRS, CORIA, 76000 Rouen, France.
³ Normandie Univ, INSA Rouen, UMR 6014 CNRS, COBRA, 76801, Saint Etienne Du Rouvray, France
⁴ Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, INSA Rouen, CNRS, GPM-UMR6634, 76000 Rouen, France

Highlights

• BEAS-2B cells were successfully exposed at ALI to primary UFPs emissions
• PAHs-rich UFPs induced an acute cellular toxicity at low exposed dose
• PAHs-rich UFPs activated oxidative stress and xenobiotic metabolism
• This methodological approach offers new perspectives to evaluate different kinds of UFPs

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https://doi.org/10.3390/nano11071685

Matthias Hufnagel ¹, Nadine May ², Johanna Wall ¹, Nadja Wingert ³, Manuel Garcia-Käufer ³, Ali Arif ³, Christof Hübner ⁴, Markus Berger ⁵, Sonja Mülhopt ², Werner Baumann ², Frederik Weis ⁶, Tobias Krebs ⁵, Wolfgang Becker ⁴, Richard Gminski ³, Dieter Stapf ², and Andrea Hartwig ¹,

¹ Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Institute of Applied Biosciences, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany;
² Institute for Technical Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany; 
³ Institute for Infection Prevention and Hospital Epidemiology, Medical Center—University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79110 Freiburg, Germany;
⁴ Fraunhofer Institute of Chemical Technology, 76327 Pfinztal, Germany; 
⁵ Vitrocell® Systems GmbH, 79183 Waldkirch, Germany; 
⁶ Palas GmbH, 76229 Karlsruhe, Germany; 

This study was the first to investigate the toxicological effects of well characterized aerosols released during combustion of thermoplastic nanocomposites using an air–liquid interface exposure system. Even though studies on the toxicological potential of combustion-generated particulate matter as well as VOCs have been published, none of them was designed to investigate the effect of the native aerosol using appropriate realistic lung cell culture models. In the current study we investigated the combustion behavior of PE-based nanocomposites on a lab-scale burner. As nanoscaled fillers TiO2 NP, CuO NP, as well as CNT were chosen for this study, with TiO2 NP representing a commonly used insoluble and inert nanomaterial, CuO NP as a known in vitro cyto- as well as genotoxic nanomaterial, and CNT as a fiber-shaped nanomaterial.

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https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jes.2021.06.001

Ana Teresa Juarez-Facio ¹, Clément Castilla ², Cécile Corbière ¹, Hélène Lavanant ², Carlos Afonso ², Christophe Morin ², Nadine Merlet-Machour ², Laurence Chevalier ³, Jean-Marie Vaugeois ¹, Jérôme Yon ⁴, Christelle Monteil ¹,
¹Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, UNICAEN ABTE, 76000 Rouen, France
²Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, INSA Rouen, CNRS, COBRA, 76000 Rouen, France
³Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, INSA Rouen, CNRS, GPM-UMR6634, 76000 Rouen, France
⁴Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, INSA Rouen, CNRS, CORIA, 76000 Rouen, France

The present study illustrate a methodological approach which allows comparing, in an original and innovative way, the physical, chemical, and toxicological properties of different fine and ultrafine particles. In this study, two different operating conditions were used to obtain model particles containing either high (CAST3) or low (CAST1) organic contents, and exposed differentiated NHBE cells “on-line” at the air-liquid interface to be closer to realistic conditions.

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https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tiv.2021.105095

Espen Mariussen ^a,b, Lise Fjellsbø ^a,c, Tomas Roll Frømyr ^b, Ida Vaa Johnsen ^b, Tove Engen Karsrud ^b, Øyvind Albert Voie ^b
a Norwegian Institute for Air Research (NILU), PO Box 100, NO-2027 Kjeller, Norway
^b Norwegian Defence Research Establishment (FFI), PO Box 25, NO-2027 Kjeller, Norway
^c Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), PO Box 5003, NO-1432 Ås, Norway

Highlights
•Gunshot fumes are cytotoxic and induce DNA-damage in lung cells exposed at the air liquid interface.
•Shooting from small arms generate fumes with substantial amounts of nanosized materials.
•Toxicity of the gunshot fumes differed between different types of ammunition.

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