Manual smoking machine with high tech features

The VC 1 smoking machine is used for a controlled aerosol generation of combustion cigarettes as well as of next generation devices such as Heated Tobacco Products (HTP) and electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS). Special attention was given to guarantee very flexible programming of the smoking parameters. The properties of the aerosol are maintained due to small dead volumes of the system.

VITROCELL® Smoking Machine VC 1 2.0  (PDF)

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For liquid droplet sizes 9 – 12 μm with diffusor

Certain chemicals or formulations, for example nasal sprays, often have larger particle sizes than the mesh size of standard nebulizers (4.0 – 6.0 μm). The VITROCELL Cloud Advanced Nebulizer is enlarging the application areas of Cloud Exposure Systems. This special type offers the possibility to produce an aerosol containing particles in the range of 9.0 – 12.0 μm.
Our patented Cloud diffusor ensures a homogeneous distribution of even the larger droplet sizes in the Cloud Exposure Chamber. To avoid effects from larger droplet formations it has an integrated drain channel.

VITROCELL® Cloud Advanced Nebulizer  (PDF)

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Online measurement of particle concentrations

VITROCELL® Photometers are specifically designed and developed to enable online measurements of particle concen­trations. The working principe is light-scattering. They may be placed inline at various locations of the exposure system without particles losses – even at low flow rates.

VITROCELL® Photometer 2.0  (PDF)

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https://doi.org/10.3390/nano11123226

Sivakumar Murugadoss ¹, Sonja Mülhopt ², Silvia Diabaté ³, Manosij Ghosh ¹, Hanns-Rudolf Paur ²,
Dieter Stapf ², Carsten Weiss ³, and Peter H. Hoet ¹,

¹ Laboratory of Toxicology, Unit of Environment and Health, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
² Institute for Technical Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
³ Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems—Biological Information Processing, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany

In this study, they investigated the influence of agglomeration on the deposition and cytotoxic potency of TiO₂ NMs at the ALI. Our results indicate that dose deposition and the cytotoxic potential are influenced by agglomeration, particularly for nano-sized TiO₂ particles.

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https://doi.org/10.3390/nano11071685

Matthias Hufnagel ¹, Nadine May ², Johanna Wall ¹, Nadja Wingert ³, Manuel Garcia-Käufer ³, Ali Arif ³, Christof Hübner ⁴, Markus Berger ⁵, Sonja Mülhopt ², Werner Baumann ², Frederik Weis ⁶, Tobias Krebs ⁵, Wolfgang Becker ⁴, Richard Gminski ³, Dieter Stapf ², and Andrea Hartwig ¹,

¹ Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Institute of Applied Biosciences, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany;
² Institute for Technical Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany; 
³ Institute for Infection Prevention and Hospital Epidemiology, Medical Center—University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79110 Freiburg, Germany;
⁴ Fraunhofer Institute of Chemical Technology, 76327 Pfinztal, Germany; 
⁵ Vitrocell® Systems GmbH, 79183 Waldkirch, Germany; 
⁶ Palas GmbH, 76229 Karlsruhe, Germany; 

This study was the first to investigate the toxicological effects of well characterized aerosols released during combustion of thermoplastic nanocomposites using an air–liquid interface exposure system. Even though studies on the toxicological potential of combustion-generated particulate matter as well as VOCs have been published, none of them was designed to investigate the effect of the native aerosol using appropriate realistic lung cell culture models. In the current study we investigated the combustion behavior of PE-based nanocomposites on a lab-scale burner. As nanoscaled fillers TiO2 NP, CuO NP, as well as CNT were chosen for this study, with TiO2 NP representing a commonly used insoluble and inert nanomaterial, CuO NP as a known in vitro cyto- as well as genotoxic nanomaterial, and CNT as a fiber-shaped nanomaterial.

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