Nala Rogers for 'Inside Science'

A report about artificial lung reveals surprising dangers from pellet burners and diesel-fueled ships at the University of Rostock and Helmholtz Zentrum München in Germany.

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DOI 10.1186/s12989-016-0171-3

Thomas Loret^1,2, Emmanuel Peyret¹, Marielle Dubreuil¹, Olivier Aguerre-Chariol³, Christophe Bressot³, Olivier le Bihan³, Tanguy Amodeo³, Bénédicte Trouiller¹, Anne Braun¹, Christophe Egles^2,4 and Ghislaine Lacroix¹

¹Institut National de l’Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS), (DRC/VIVA/TOXI), Parc Technologique ALATA—BP 2, Verneuil-en-Halatte F-60550, France.
²Laboratoire BioMécanique et BioIngénierie (BMBI), Université de Technologie de Compiègne (UTC), UMR CNRS 7338, Compiègne 60205, France.
³Institut National de l’Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS), (DRC/CARA/NOVA), Parc Technologique ALATA—BP 2, Verneuil-en-Halatte F-60550, France.
⁴Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, USA.
 

A549 alveolar cells in monocultures and in co-cultures with THP-1 macrophages were exposed to aerosols of inhalable and poorly soluble nanomaterials. The results are evaluated by using the Alamar blue®, LDH, Dichlorofluorescein (DCF) and ELISA Assay and shows that the air-liquid interface represents a valid and sensitive method to assess the toxicity of several poorly soluble nanomaterials.

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DOI: 10.1080/15376516.2016.1243183

Dorian S. Olivera, Heidi Hoard-Fruchey & Alfred M. Sciuto
Analytical Toxicology Devision, US Army, Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD, USA

In vitro studies have clearly shown that phosgene exposure can have overwhelming effects on cellular homeostasis with regard to mediator release, activation of inflammatory pathways and compromised lung function.
In this study an in vitro exposure model with which to evaluate potential therapeutics for edemagenic gas inhalation exposure was tested.
Human bronchial epithelial (16HBE) cell cultures were exposed in the Vitrocell System to phosgene.
Transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER), Cellular viability assay (XTT assay), [14C]-Glutamine oxidation assay, Glucose metabolism assays and Lactate production measurements were taken.

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CORESTA Congress, 9-13th October 2016, Germany
Poster No:STPOST34

Thorne, D¹., Crooks, I¹., Hollings, M²., Seymour, A²., Meredith, C¹., Ga
a, M¹.

¹ British American Tobacco, R&D Centre, Southampton, SO15 8TL, UK

² Covance Laboratories Ltd, Otley Road, Harrogate, North Yorkshire HG3 1PY, UK.

The Aim of this study was to assess the mutagenicity of an e-cigarette aerosol, compared to cigarette smoke in tester strains TA98 and TA100 using two different exposure matrices, TPM/eTPM (or ACM – aerosol collected matter) and whole aerosol. A Vitrocell® VC 10 Smoking Robot was used to generate aerosol streams from a traditional reference cigarette (3R4F) and e-cigarette (Vype® ePen). 

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Julia Hoeng, Anita Iskandar, Filippo Zanetti

Philip Morris International

The studies used human cells grown in three-dimensional culture systems. The cultures were grown on top of an artificial membrane at the air-liquid interface, allowing them to develop ‘organotypic’ tissue complexity. Testcigarette is the Tobacco Heating System 2.2 (THS), a new technology that heats tobacco without burning it. The endpoints are shown in measurements of cytotoxicity, alterations in tissue morphology (histology), impact on processes involved in the metabolism of toxicants (xenobiotic metabolism response), secretion of pro-inflammatory mediators, and perturbation of genome-wide gene profiles. The nasal study also looked at ciliary function.

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