In response to the scientific need to expose in physiologically relevant conditions, VITROCELL® exposure modules have been specifically designed and engineered to enable direct exposure of mammalian cells or tissue at the Air/Liquid Interface where the cell systems are not covered with culture medium. Researchers can thus use all cell types cultivated on microporous membranes. This approach allows for more credible and authentic results than by submerged exposure due to a closer replication of the human physiology. VITROCELL® Exposure Systems for Inhalation Toxicology Direct Exposure Technology at Air/Liquid Interface Phases A B C Gaseous ticle Semi-volatile Par Air/Liquid Cultivation and Exposure in Exposure Module A Direct and controlled exposure of test atmosphere to cells B Cells on membrane C Media below cells ○ No losses ○ No dissolution ○ No reaction of constituents with culture medium ○ High sensitivity The advantages: Phases Gaseous ticle Semi-volatile Par A B C Submerged Cultivation and Exposure in Incubator A Medium above cells B Cells on membrane C Media below cells The exposure of mammalian cells or tissues to airborne substances is frequently performed under submerged conditions. In doing so, the test substances are dosed into the culture medium. This procedure results in an undesired interaction of the formerly airborne substances with the medium, causing limitations for authentic analysis. Therefore VITROCELL® recommends the air/liquid interface exposure technology. Disadvantages of submerged exposure 6
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